背诵为王 第四册 文本+MP3

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Lesson1 Power of Architecture
Architecture is to be regarded by us with the most serious thought. We may live without her, and worship without her, but we cannot remember without her. How cold is all history, how lifeless all imagery, compared to that which the living nation writes, and the uncorrupted marble bears! --how many pages of doubtful record might we not often spare, for a few stones left one upon another!
The ambition of the old Babel builders was well directed for this world: there are but two strong conquerors of the forgetfulness of men. Poetry and Architecture; and the latter in some sort includes the former, and is mightier in its reality: it is well to have, not only what men have thought and felt, but what their hands have handled, and their strength wrought, and their eyes behold, all the days of their life.

Imaginary n. （文学作品中的）意像、形像
behold vt. 看
wrought vt. (work 的过去式和过去分词 ) 精心制作

建筑的力量
我们应该以最严肃认真的态度来看待建筑。没有建筑，我们可以生存，可以崇拜上帝，但是我们就会失去记忆。与现存的民族记录下来的和依然如新的大理石展示给我们的东西相比，历史是那么凄冷，想象力是那么毫无生气。几块垒在一起的石头会给我们省下多少张满是疑点的记录。
古老的通天塔的建设者们的雄心对这个世界是有很大的指导意义的：只有两样东西能够克服人类的健忘：诗歌和建筑。在某种意义上，建筑包含诗歌，并且事实上比诗歌更具威力：我们不仅可以拥有人在生命的进程中想到和感觉到的东西，还可以拥有人的双手建造的、努力创造的以及看到的东西，这是多么美好呀。

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Lesson2 Parent-children relationship by Bertrand Russell
The value of parental affection to children lies largely in the fact that it is more reliable than any other affection. One's friends like one for one's merits, one's lovers for one's charms; if the merits or the charms diminish, friends and lovers may vanish. But it is in times of misfortune that parents are most to be relied upon, in illness, and even in disgrace if the parents are of the right sort.
We all feel pleasure when we are admired for our merits, but most of us are sufficiently modest at heart to feel that such admiration is precarious. Our parents love us because we are their children and this is an unalterable fact, so that we feel safer with them than with anyone else. In times of success this may seem unimportant, but in times of failure it affords a consolation and a security not to be found elsewhere.

precarious adj. 不稳定的
unalterable adj. 不能变更的
consolation n. 安慰 , 起安慰作用的人或事物


父母和子女的关系
父母对子女的爱比其他任何感情都稳定可靠，在很大程度上这是其价值所在。朋友喜欢我们是因为我们的美德，爱人爱我们是因为我们的魅力。如果这些美德或者魅力减弱了，我们可能会失去朋友和爱人。但是在我们遭遇不幸时，父母是我们最可依赖的。如果遇到好的父母，即使我们声名扫地，也是如此。
有人敬仰我们的美德时，我们都会感到快乐，但是我们大多数人的内心都知道，这种敬仰是不可靠的。我们的父母爱我们是因为我们是他们的子女，这是不可改变的事实，所以和父母在一起时我们会感到比和其他任何人在一起时都安全。我们功成名就时，这可能显得并不重要。但是在我们失意的时候，父母给予我们的安慰和安全感是通过其他任何途径都无法得到的。

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Lesson3 The Computer and Privacy
In the last 20 years, the productivity of the computer has increased over 1,000%. With this kind of technological advance, the possibility of storing more and more information at a central point is growing at a phenomenal rate. But so is the possibility of gaining access to the stored information. And that raises serious questions regarding personal privacy. For some time now, there has been a growing effort in many European countries to preserve the individual's privacy in the face of expanding requirements for information by business, government and other organizations.
In some countries, legislation has been enacted to protect the individual's privacy. In others, it is under study. In searching for appropriate legislative guidelines, private and governmental groups have explored many avenues and considered many aspects of the problem. Solutions must be found. And they will call for patient understanding and the best efforts of everyone concerned.

pledge vt. 保证
legislation n. 立法

电脑和隐私
在过去二十年里，电脑生产率的增长超过百分之一千。在这种技术进步的条件下，把越来越多的信息储存在一个中心点的技术已经获得了惊人的发展，同样，访问这些已经储存起来的信息的技术也突飞猛进。这就引出了有关个人隐私的严重问题。
面对商业、政府和其他组织不断膨胀的对信息的要求，有段时间以来，在许多欧洲国家有一股不断增长的要求保护个人隐私的努力。
在一些国家，已经立法来保护个人隐私。在其他国家里，这个问题还正在研究中。
为了寻找合适的立法指导方针，民间和政府团体系统地研究了许多途径，考虑了这个问题的许多方面。
解决方案必须找到，但这需要人们的宽容和理解，有关的每个人都要尽其最大的努力。

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Lesson4 Work
In the laws of political economy, the alienation of the worker from his product is expressed as follow: the more the worker produces, the less he has to consume; the more value he creates, the more valueless, the more unworthy he becomes; the better formed is his product, the more deformed becomes the worker; the more civilized his product, the more brutalized becomes the worker and the more he becomes nature@s bondsman.
Political economy conceals the alienation inherent in labour by avoiding any mention of the evil effects of work on those who work. Thus, whereas labour produces miracles for the rich, for the worker it produces destitution. Labour produces palaces but for the workers, hovels. It produces beauty, but it cripples the worker. It replaces labour by machines, but how does it treat the worker? By throwing some workers back into a barbarous kind of work, and by turning the rest into machines. It produces intelligence, but for the worker, stupidity and cretinism.

alienation 异化
brutalize 使...变得残酷无情
bondsman 奴隶
inherent 固有的, 内在的
hovel 简陋小屋
cretinism ［医］ 呆小病, 愚侏病

劳动
政治经济学原理对劳动者与自己生产的产品的异化有如下表述：工人产出的越多，消费能力就越小；创造的价值越多，自己就越不值钱，工人的价值就越低；产品的性能越好，工人受损害的程度就越大；产品的文明程度越高，工人就变得越没有感情，越来越成为大自然的奴隶。
政治经济学没有提到工作对劳动者的有害影响，因而隐藏了劳动具有的内在的异化劳动者的本质特性。这样，虽然劳动为富人创造了奇迹，却给劳动者带来了贫困。劳动建造了宫殿，劳动者却住在简陋小屋里。劳动产生了美丽，却严重损害了劳动者。机器取代了人工劳动，那么劳动者受到了怎样的待遇呢？一些劳动者被迫从事低级繁重的工作，其他的都变成了机器。劳动带来了智慧，带给劳动者的却是愚昧和痴呆。

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Lesson5 A Tip for Readers Living Alone
For years my Great Aunt Maud lived alone in a remote cottage beside a road in the Welsh hills. Yet she was never afraid of being attacked or robbed because she had devised a unique way of protecting herself. Hanging in the lobby of her house, and visible from the front door was a policeman's hat. Naturally anyone calling at the house immediately noticed the hat and assumed that there was a policeman living there. Aunt Maud never had any trouble from doorstep dodgers or people calling at the house to try and find out if it was worth burgling. She felt quite safe.
After her death, her cottage was cleared out, and the policeman's hat was packed away in a suitcase and forgotten. Just the other day I came across it, and remembering Aunt Maud's idea, I hung it on a peg in the hall for any caller to see as soon as the door opens. I really feel safe and snug now that it's there!

dodger 骗子
snug 舒服、安全

送给独居读者的建议
我的莫德姑婆曾独自一人住在威尔士山区路边的一座偏僻房子里多年，但是她从来就不担心被袭击或者被抢劫，因为她设计了一种独特的方式来保护自己。她把一顶警官的帽子挂在房子的门厅里，从前门就可以看到。自然地，拜访这座房子的人立刻就能注意到这顶帽子，就会认为这里住着一位警官。莫德姑婆从来就没有受到门前踩点的歹徒的滋扰，这些人通常会来到房子门口探测这家是否可以盗窃。她感到很安全。
她去世后，她的房子给清空了，那顶警官帽子被打包装进了手提箱内，被大家遗忘了。几天前，我偶然又看到了这顶帽子，想起了莫德姑婆的方法。我把它挂在大厅里的木栓上，门一开来访者就能看到。有帽子在这儿，我确实感到安全有了保障。

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Lesson6 Technological Advances
No one can deny that technology is transforming the way we live at a breathtaking rate. It is hard to believe that only a few years ago the great majority of people were still communicating by letter and traditional telephones. Now e-mail and cell phones are rapidly replacing the old forms of communication. Just around the corner are robot vacuum cleaners and cars which automatically keep a safe distance from the car ahead.
All these technological advances make our lives increasingly more comfortable and convenient. Just as the dishwasher, clothes washer and dryer and microwave oven made life easier and created more leisure time for our parents generation, the technological advances of the future will create an even more leisurely life for the future generation.What worries some people, however, is that the technological devices which are transforming our lives are at the same time leading to less human interaction. In the future people will have to be watchful to prevent technology from diminishing our personal contacts with our fellow human beings.

技术进步
没有人能够否认技术在以惊人的速度改变我们的生活方式。很难相信，仅在几年前大多数人仍在使用信件和传统电话进行通讯。现在电子邮件和移动电话正在迅速取代旧的通讯方式。遥控的真空吸尘器和能够自动与前面汽车保持安全距离的车很快就会出现。
所有这些技术进步使我们的生活日益舒适和便利。正如洗碗机、洗衣机、烘干机和微波炉让我们的父辈生活得更加轻松，创造了更多的空暇时光，未来技术上的进步会为后代带来比现在更安逸的生活。
然而，令许多人担心的是，技术装置在改变我们生活的同时也减少了人与人之间的交往。在将来，人们必须警惕，防止技术减少我们与其他人的交往。

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Lesson7 On the Industrialization
The process of industrialization involved the harnessing of inanimate sources of energy, the replacement of handicraft production with machine-based manufacturing, and the generation of new forms of business and labor organization.
Along with industrialization came demographic growth, large-scale migration, and rapid urbanization, which increased the demand for manufactured goods by the masses of working people. Societies that underwent industrialization enjoyed sharp increases in economic productivity: they produced large quantities of high-quality goods at low prices, and their increased productivity translated into higher material standards of living. Yet industrialization brought costs, in the form of unsettling social problems, as well as benefits. Family life changed dramatically in the industrial age as men, women, and children increasingly left their homes to work in factories and mines, often under appalling condition.
Socialist critics sought to bring about a more just and equitable society and government authorities curtailed the worst abuses of the early industrial era. Governments and labor unions both worked to raise living standards and provide security for working people.
Meanwhile, industrialization increasingly touched the lives of peoples around the world. Western European, North American, and Japanese societies followed Britain's lead into industrialization, while many African, Asian, and Latin American land become dependent on the export of raw materials to industrial societies.

inanimate 无生命的；无生气的
demographic 人口的；人口统计学的
urbanization 城市化
curtail 缩短；减缩；限制

论工业化
工业化进程包括利用无生命的能源、以机器生产代替手工业生产以及产生新的商业和劳动组织形式。伴随着工业化会出现人口增长、大规模移民和快速城市化，这加剧了劳动大众对工业制成品的需求。在经历工业化的社会里，经济生产率急速增长：以低廉的价格生产出大量的优质商品，而生产率的增长提高了物质生活水平。然而，在带来福利的同时，工业化也带来了成本，其体现是那些随之产生的令人不安的社会问题。工业化时代的家庭生活发生了急剧的变化，越来越多的男人、女人和儿童离开家园到工厂和矿山工作，他们的工作条件通常极差。社会主义批判家们试图建立一个更公平和平等的社会，政府部门制止了早期工业时代最严重的弊端。政府和工会都努力提高人们的生活水平，为劳动人民提供保障。同时，工业化越来越多地触及到世界各地人们的生活。在英国的带领下，西欧、北美、和日本的社会相继进入了工业化时代，而许多非洲、亚洲，和拉丁美洲的国家依赖于向工业社会出口原材料。

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Lesson8 Air Rage
Forty years ago, Americans planning a long trip overwhelmingly chose to travel by car or train, or if going overseas, by ship. Air travel was still a relatively expensive means of transportation favoured by wealthy Americans.
These days air travel is an integral part of the lives of the large majority of travellers in the United States. The cost of an air ticket has not changed much since 1960, while the average American's buying power has increased ten times. Even in the past ten years, air travel by Americans has increased by 37 percent.Unfortunately the construction of new airports and the training of personnel have not kept pace with the demand for more flights. These shortfalls, along with the usual, frequent occurrences of bad weather, have resulted in a large number of delays in both departures and arrivals of airplanes across the country. In fact, delays affected 40 percent of all domestic flights during the past year. These delays have contributed to increased frustration among travellers and outbreaks of violent behaviour during flights, a new phenomenon known as "air rage."

overwhelmingly 压倒性地
shortfall 不足
outbreak 爆发

飞机旅行暴怒症
四十年前，美国人计划长途旅行的话，绝大多数选择汽车或火车出行，如果出国，则选择船。飞机旅行只是富裕的美国人青睐的一种相对昂贵的交通方式。
现在飞机旅行成了美国绝大多数出游者生活的不可缺少的一部分。自1960年以来，飞机票的价格没怎么变化，而普通美国人的购买力已经增长了十倍。即使在过去的十年中，坐飞机旅行的美国人增长了百分之三十七。
不幸的是，新机场的建设和机组人员的培训赶不上对航空旅行的需求。这些不足和经常出现的恶劣天气，导致国内飞行中经常发生推迟起飞和延误到达。事实上，去年有百分之四十的国内飞行受到延误的影响。这些延误给旅行者带来越来越多的愤怒和痛苦，导致航空旅行中的暴力行为，这是一种被称之为“飞机旅行暴怒症”的新现象。

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Lesson9 Police Life
The average citizen in the United States has very little personal contact with the police. Contacts most frequently occur in two contexts: Americans sometimes approach a policeman to ask for street directions; and police sometimes stop a motorist for speeding or some other traffic violation. Neither of these situations is usually violent or life-threatening.
However, the life of a policeman in a large American city can be both violent and life-threatening almost on a daily basis. This is especially true for police assigned to patrol the poorest sections of the city where most violent crimes take place. Here police routinely come in contact with drug dealers, armed robbers, muggers and the like.
If a policeman is exposed for too long a period of time to these types of people from the lowest level of society, they run the risk of being injured or of developing a prejudice against all the residents of the poor districts of the city. For this reason, the police chief regularly changes policemen's assignments so that they can escape from the tension and danger of patrols in the ghetto. These other assignments might be deskwork or controlling traffic.

patrol 巡逻
mugger 行凶抢劫者
ghetto 少数民族聚居的地区,贫民区

警察生活
美国普通民众很少与警察有私人接触。大多数接触经常发生在两种情境下：找警察问路时，和因驾车超速或违反其他交通规则被警察拦停时。
通常这些情形都不会有暴力发生，也不会危及生命。
然而，美国大城市里的警察生活几乎每天都面临暴力和生命危险。对于负责巡逻暴力犯罪多发的城市最贫穷地区的警察来说，尤其如此。这里和警察日常打交道的都是毒品贩子、带武器的抢劫犯、走私犯和诸如此类的人。
如果一个警察太长时间置身于这类来自社会最底层的人员之中，他们会有受伤或对城市里贫困街区的居民形成偏见的危险。正因如此，警察局长定期调整警察的任务，让他们远离巡逻贫民区的压力和危险。其他任务有可能是文书工作或交通监管。

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Lesson10 The Country Maid and Her Milk Can
A country maid was walking along with a can of milk upon her head, when she fell into the following train of reflections: "The money for which I shall sell this milk will enable me to increase my stock of eggs to three hundred. These eggs, allowing for what may prove addle and what may be destroyed by vermin, will produce at least 250 chickens. The chickens will be fit to carry to market just at the time when poultry is always dear; so that by the New Year I can not fail to have enough money to purchase a new gown. Green - let me consider - yes, green becomes my complexion best, and green it shall be. In this dress I will go to the fair, where all the young fellows will strive to have me for a partner; but no, I shall refuse every one of them, and with a disdainful toss turn from them."Transported with this idea, she could not forbear acting with her head the thought that thus passed in her mind; when, down came the can of milk! All her imaginary happiness vanished in a moment.

addle 腐坏的
vermin 害虫
disdainful 轻蔑的
forbear 忍耐

农家姑娘和她的牛奶桶
一位农家姑娘头顶着一桶牛奶在路上走的时候，心里浮想联翩。“卖牛奶的钱将使我能把我储存的鸡蛋数量增加到三百个，这些鸡蛋，除去臭蛋和被虫子破坏的，将至少能够孵出两百五十只小鸡。小鸡长到可以拿到市场上买的时候，刚好是家禽的价格总是很贵的时候，这样在新年到来前，我就能攒够钱买一件新的长外衣。绿色的……让我再想一想……好，绿色最适合我的肤色，就要绿色的。我要穿着这件衣服到集市上去，那里所有的年轻人将争着和我跳舞。但是，不，我要一个个地拒绝他们，轻蔑地头一摇，转身而去。”想到这里，她禁不住把头脑中的这个念头付诸于行动。她头一摇，牛奶桶掉了下来。她所有幻想的幸福都在瞬间消失了。

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